--Anandamide is an endogenous cannabinoid compound, meaning that it is naturally produced in the body as a part of the endocannabinoid system (ECS)--a complex cell-signaling system that plays a role in regulating a variety of functions and processes. Research has identified it as one of the compounds primarily responsible for the famous post-exercise feelings of happiness popularly called the "runner's high", with multiple studies indicating that anandamide may promote feelings of happiness and well-being. Preclinical studies suggest anandamide as a candidate to provide relief for symptoms of mood disorders. An Anandamide Supplement may also offer benefits in providing pain relief, appetite regulation, neuroprotection, memory support, anti-inflammatory properties, and sleep regulation. 1
--Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endocannabinoid-like fatty acid amide that is found in various foods and is naturally produced in the body. It is known to enhance the physiological effects of anandamide by preventing its enzymatic degradation via fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH)--a phenomenon termed the "entourage effect". Research suggests that it may possess its own mood regulation properties independent of its potentiation effects on anandamide as well, with multiple preclinical studies and one human clinical trial in patients with major depressive disorder showing positive results. PEA may also offer benefits in providing pain relief, neuroprotection, cognitive function support, anti-inflammatory properties, and improved gut health. 2
--Oleoylethanolamide (OEA) is an endocannabinoid-like fatty acid amide that is found in various foods and is naturally produced in the body. It is known to enhance the physiological effects of anandamide by preventing its enzymatic degradation via fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH)--a phenomenon termed the "entourage effect". OEA may also offer benefits in appetite suppression, weight management, lipid metabolism, improved gut health, anti-inflammatory effects, neuroprotective properties, and enhanced memory function. 3
--L-Theanine is an amino acid found in high amounts in various species of tea leaves (especially green teas) as well as some species of mushrooms. It is an analogue of the amino acids L-glutamine and L-glutamate, meaning that it is structurally similar, but contains some small differences that lead to different physiological effects. L-theanine has been shown to exhibit calming and stress-relieving effects without causing sedation or drowsiness, via its impact on levels of various neurotransmitters. Research also suggests that these effects on neurotransmitter levels may help boost mood directly, which has prompted investigations into its potential benefits for alleviating symptoms of depression. L-theanine may also offer benefits in enhancing sleep quality, cognitive function, and neuroprotection. 4
*While these potential benefits sound promising, more comprehensive human studies are needed to confirm them. In addition, the effects of these compounds can vary based on several factors, including dosage, inter-individual physiological differences, and the presence of other exogenous compounds. It is important to consult a health care professional before starting a new supplement--particularly if you have been diagnosed with a medical condition and/or are taking medication or other exogenous substances--to ensure that no contraindications or potential for adverse reactions may exist.
References:
1. Gallego-Landin I, García-Baos A, Castro-Zavala A, Valverde O. Reviewing the Role of the Endocannabinoid System in the Pathophysiology of Depression. Front Pharmacol. 2021 Dec 6;12:762738. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.762738. PMID: 34938182; PMCID: PMC8685322.
2. Clayton P, Hill M, Bogoda N, Subah S, Venkatesh R. Palmitoylethanolamide: A Natural Compound for Health Management. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 May 18;22(10):5305. doi: 10.3390/ijms22105305. PMID: 34069940; PMCID: PMC8157570.
3. Ho WS, Barrett DA, Randall MD. 'Entourage' effects of N-palmitoylethanolamide and N-oleoylethanolamide on vasorelaxation to anandamide occur through TRPV1 receptors. Br J Pharmacol. 2008 Nov;155(6):837-46. doi: 10.1038/bjp.2008.324. Epub 2008 Aug 11. PMID: 18695637; PMCID: PMC2597234.
4. Williams JL, Everett JM, D'Cunha NM, Sergi D, Georgousopoulou EN, Keegan RJ, McKune AJ, Mellor DD, Anstice N, Naumovski N. The Effects of Green Tea Amino Acid L-Theanine Consumption on the Ability to Manage Stress and Anxiety Levels: a Systematic Review. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2020 Mar;75(1):12-23. doi: 10.1007/s11130-019-00771-5. PMID: 31758301.